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The Access to Medicine Index is an independent initiative that ranks the world’s 20 largest research-based pharmaceutical companies according to their efforts to improve access to medicine in 107 low- to middle-income countries. The Index assesses how companies are making their products more available, affordable, accessible and acceptable to patients in need. By comparing companies to one another, the Index aims to stimulate pharmaceutical companies to play a bigger part in addressing the challenges of access to medicine in developing countries and to offer them insight into the activities of their peers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What is the Index? )〕 Furthermore, the Access to Medicine Index seeks to create a platform for stakeholders from the pharmaceutical industry, governments, investors, civil society, patient organisations and academia to gather and form a common view of how these pharmaceutical companies can make further progress. The Access to Medicine Index is published every two years by the Access to Medicine Foundation, an international not-for-profit organisation dedicated to improving access to medicine for people in need. The organisation is based in Haarlem, The Netherlands and receives financial support from donors such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The most recent Access to Medicine Index, published in November 2014, ranks the top 20 pharmaceutical companies as follows:〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2014 Index Overall Ranking )〕 == History == The Access to Medicine Index was developed starting in 2004 on the initiative of Dutch entrepreneur Wim Leereveld. After years of working with the pharmaceutical industry, he concluded that simply "naming and shaming" the industry did not do enough to encourage pharmaceutical companies to play their part in improving access to medicine in the developing world. Leereveld noticed that there were many different (and sometimes conflicting) opinions about what the pharmaceutical industry should be doing with regard to access to medicine, but that there was no tool to recognise good practice within the pharmaceutical industry and no framework for collective dialogue surrounding this issue. He set out to develop a ranking system that would show which pharmaceutical companies do the most to improve access to medicine and how, and also help stakeholders to collectively define companies’ role in increasing access to medicine.〔 The first Access to Medicine Index was published in 2008, followed by a new Index every two years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Access to Medicine Index」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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